What Is Melatonin?

Melatonin is a hormone manufactured by the pineal gland, a gland located in the middle of the brain. The hormone helps regulate the body's circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle). Melatonin levels increase after sunset, and they remain elevated overnight. They decrease sharply around sunrise, and this causes individuals to wake from sleep. Melatonin supplements are available in tablet, liquid, and gummy formulations.

Melatonin is often used as a natural sleep aid. Timed-release supplements can help patients stay asleep through the night. Quick-release melatonin makes it easier to fall asleep. Insomnia treatment can include some melatonin. In some instances, melatonin for sleep may replace traditional sleep medications.

How It Works

Melatonin is a fat-soluble hormone synthesized from tryptophan, an amino acid. It sends signals to the brain's receptor agonist, and binds to receptors that reduce nerve activity. Research shows it can reduce dopamine, a hormone that helps patients stay awake. Studies indicate that melatonin is also involved in regulating body temperature and blood pressure. While the exact manner in which melatonin works is currently unclear, researchers believe its involvement in regulating body temperature, blood pressure, and reducing nerve activity could be responsible for its ability to promote sleep and relaxation. Ongoing research is being conducted to discover more about how this occurs.

Learn about the uses for melatonin next.