Risk Factors And Causes Of Compartment Syndrome

Blood Clots In Arm Or Leg

Some individuals affected by compartment syndrome develop it due to blood clots in their arm or leg. A blood clot is a plug the body forms in response to blood vessel injury to stop bleeding. Several components in an individual's blood are responsible for carrying out the clotting process when necessary. However, some individuals have blood that may form inappropriate clots for no functional purpose due to another disorder or an unknown mechanism. Clots can form in the veins or arteries of an individual's arm or legs. The formation of a clot in a deep vein of an affected individual's leg obstructs the flow of blood back to the heart. This blockage causes the blood to accumulate in the affected limb. When blood accumulates to the extent where it is pushing other tissues against the connective tissue or fascia, the pressure inside can increase and cause compartment syndrome. On the other hand, a blood clot that develops in an individual's artery within the arm or leg can also obstruct blood flow to surrounding tissues. However, the blood in arteries is rich with oxygen and nutrients the cells need. When the cells do not get these nutrients due to a blood clot, they become damaged. The damaged cells summon an immune response that causes inflammation and swelling in the affected area. This inflammatory swelling can also result in the development of compartment syndrome.

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