Guide To Serious Nervous System Disorders

Meningitis

Meningitis occurs when the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Viruses and bacterial infections are the most common causes of meningitis. However, fungi, chemical irritation, allergies to medications, or cancer can also cause it. Some types of viral and bacterial meningitis are contagious. They can be transmitted to others through close contact, sneezing, or coughing. Bacterial meningitis symptoms are typically the most severe. Symptoms in adults include a stiff neck, sensitivity to light, skin rashes, headaches, fever, and lethargy. These symptoms usually appear suddenly. It is crucial to seek emergency medical care right away.

To diagnose meningitis, doctors will need to perform a lumbar puncture. They may also do blood cultures, chest x-rays, and a CT scan. Treatment for meningitis depends on the cause. Bacterial meningitis requires emergency hospitalization so the patient can receive intravenous antibiotics. While viral meningitis might resolve on its own, some patients will still need intravenous antiviral medicines. Cases of fungal meningitis are treated with antifungal agents. A vaccine is available to protect patients against several types of bacterial meningitis.

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