Guide To Serious Nervous System Disorders

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disease that keeps an individual's motor neurons from functioning properly. The motor neurons contained within the spinal cord and brain deteriorate and die in ALS patients. Early symptoms include stiff and weak muscles that make fine movements difficult. Examples of the affected fine movements include turning a key and buttoning a piece of clothing. Symptoms progress into frequent tripping and falling, trouble swallowing, slurred speech, muscle cramping, muscle twitching, inappropriate yawning, weakness in the leg, cognitive changes, and behavioral changes.

Eventually, the muscle weakness progresses to the diaphragm and other muscles that allow an individual to breathe properly. Supportive care with a breathing machine is necessary at this point. An ALS diagnosis is made using an electromyogram, nerve conduction study, blood testing, urine testing, spinal tap, and muscle biopsy. Treatment involves medication, physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, nutritional support, psychological support, and breathing support.

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