Methods Of Treating And Preventing Hyponatremia

Monitor Use Of Diuretics

Diuretics come in three major types, and they are often used as the first line of treatment for high blood pressure. They are also used to treat congestive heart failure, a disease that affects how well the heart pumps, and edema, a condition that results in swelling in the lower limbs and feet. Some examples of thiazide diuretics, the most commonly prescribed form, include chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, and metolazone. Loop diuretics, used in the treatment of heart failure, include torsemide, furosemide, and bumetanide. In patients at risk of potassium imbalances, doctors typically prescribe potassium-sparing diuretics. These include amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene, and eplerenone. Doctors often monitor use of diuretics in older patients to reduce their risk of sodium imbalances. The medication works by increasing water and salt expelled from the body through urination, and this can occasionally cause hyponatremia.

Diuretics are usually taken by patients at least once a day, and they can cause side effects. Depending on the type of diuretic used, side effects generally include increased cholesterol, rashes, muscle cramps, headaches, diarrhea, increased blood sugar, high potassium, and feeling thirsty. Very rarely, diuretics can trigger arrhythmias and kidney failure. Patients on these medications may need to have their kidney function monitored with blood tests, and their cardiac health may also need to be examined regularly.

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