What Causes Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis?

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a kidney disorder in which scar tissue forms on the glomeruli. Unlike other forms of the condition, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis affects only some of the estimated one million glomeruli within each of the kidneys, and only small segments of each glomerulus are damaged. Glomeruli are part of the kidneys' filtration system, and scarring to this area causes permanent kidney damage, which eventually may lead to kidney failure. Many individuals with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they generally include swelling of the eyes, hands, feet, and abdomen, weight gain, and high blood pressure.