What Are The Types Of Leukodystrophy?

Leukodystrophy is an umbrella term that encompasses a group of rare genetic, metabolic, progressive diseases that cause problems with an individual's brain, peripheral nerves, and spinal cord. Leukodystrophy occurs because the myelin sheath or white matter in the brain has developed abnormally or been destroyed due to a particular gene mutation. White matter and myelin sheath are terms used to describe the substance that provides a protective and conductive covering for the nerve cells. Similar to the way electrical wiring malfunctions without the protective plastic or rubber covering, the nerves in an individual's brain and central nervous system also malfunction without enough myelin sheath or white matter. Different components make up the myelin sheath that surrounds an individual's nerves. Each variation of leukodystrophy has adverse effects on one or more of these components, effectively producing the range of symptoms and adverse neurological effects.